Why can't you multiply vectors?
What it is
Freya Holmer's Dutch Game Day 2023 talk asking why vectors can't be multiplied, building from complex numbers to a single axiom and arriving at geometric algebra, quaternions and multivectors.
Why Hacker News recommends it
HN treats it as the best entry point to geometric algebra and an intuitive route to understanding quaternions.
- 9 people recommended it
- 5 different months
- 5 strong recommendations
- first 2023, last 2025
What HN commenters said
“I highly recommend anyone who finds this stuff interesting but confusing (like I do) to check it out”
Fascinating, entertaining talk deriving quaternions from one axiom about vector multiplication
mkaic, 2023-10 · Strong recommendation · in “Exploring Quaternions (2018)”
“I highly recommend a recent talk by Freya Holmer.”
Fun exploration of vector multiplication culminating in an introduction to Clifford algebras
Syntonicles, 2023-10 · Strong recommendation · in “Linear Algebra Done Right – 4th Edition”
“One of my favorite math/graphics YouTube creators Freya Holmér did an excellent intro to Geometric Algebra”
Excellent intro to geometric algebra from a favorite math/graphics creator
zoogeny, 2024-02 · Strong recommendation · in “Look, ma, no matrices”
“Freya did an excellent job reducing the number of axioms to 1”
Reduces the axioms to one: a vector squared equals its length squared
simpaticoder, 2024-02 · Strong recommendation · in “Look, ma, no matrices”
“The absolute first video to watch should be the (ironically titled) Why can't you multiply vectors?”
The first video to watch on geometric algebra
gowld, 2024-08 · Strong recommendation · in “Poor Foundations in Geometric Algebra”
“this conference talk[1] released yesterday regarding vector multiplication”
Explains quaternions as an extension of 3D vector multiplication via bivectors
conradludgate, 2023-10 · Recommendation · in “Exploring Quaternions (2018)”
“a good place to jump in might be Freya Holmér's Why can't you multiply vectors?”
Good entry point into geometric algebra
infogulch, 2024-02 · Recommendation · in “Rapier is a set of 2D and 3D physics engines written in Rust”
“it is about multiplying vectors and what you get from that, and it includes quaternions.”
Talk on multiplying vectors that includes quaternions as a case
GuB-42, 2024-04 · Recommendation · in “Quaternion Knowledge Graph Embeddings (2019)”
Excerpts from Hacker News comments, linked to the originals. Summaries and labels were written by a language model from those comments.
Topics: vector multiplication, quaternions, clifford algebra, complex numbers, game math
Also recommended by the same people
explainerHow to achieve nanometer precision in space?Breaking Taps · 4 HN recommenders · 2022–2026
demoTWO Unpickable (?) Locks for Lock Picking Lawyer!Stuff Made Here · 3 HN recommenders · 2021–2022
explainerThis is why we can't have nice thingsVeritasium · 4 HN recommenders · 2021–2024
talkThe Future of Mathematics?Microsoft Research · 9 HN recommenders · 2019–2025
explainerFast Inverse Square Root — A Quake III AlgorithmNemean · 3 HN recommenders · 2021–2022
demo[1299] Unpickable Locks From Stuff Made HereLockPickingLawyer · 5 HN recommenders · 2021–2022
explainerFourier Optics used for Optical Pattern RecognitionHuygens Optics · 5 HN recommenders · 2021–2025
lectureRefterm Lecture Part 1 - Philosophies of OptimizationMolly Rocket · 10 HN recommenders · 2021–2026